Synonyms: Methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) 2,000 or mono-Methyl polyethylene glycol 2,000 or PEG MME 2,000, or MPEG
CH₃O(CH₂CH₂O)_nH
Formula Weight (M_w) ~ 2,000
CAS Number [9004-74-4]
EC Number 215-801-2
RTECS PE8271000
MDL Number MFCD00084416
Melting Point (starting material) 52-56°C
Appearance (Solution): Colorless to Light Yellow to Light Brown, Clear

Aldehyde None detected
Peroxide None detected

Measured Conductivity Range: 28.0 – 60.2 µS/cm at 25°C
Measured Refractive Index Range: 1.40105 – 1.40205 at 20°C

Sterile filtered solution (0.22 micron) in sterile PETG bottle, purged with dry argon.

50% w/v Polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether 2,000

1. Poly(ethylene) glycol monomethyl ethers – an alternative to poly(ethylene) glycols in protein crystallization. A. M. Brzozowski and S. P. Tolley. Acta Cryst. (1994). D50, 466-468.

2. Purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of the catalytic domain of the Escherichia coli tRNase colicin D. K. Takahashi, T. Ogawa, M. Hidaka, K. Ohsawa, H. Masaki and S. Yajima. Acta Cryst. (2006). F62, 29-31.

Hampton Research, first in crystallization since 1991, developing and delivering crystallization and optimization screens, reagents, plates, and other tools for the crystallization of biological macromolecules, including proteins (antibody), peptides (insulin), and nucleic acids (DNA).

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The PCT kit contains 4 unique, preformulated, sterile filtered reagents used to evaluate protein concentration for crystallization screening. Initially, the sample protein is mixed with two of the reagents to determine if the protein concentration is appropriate for crystallization screening. If the protein is very sensitive to salt and polymer concentration, based on initial PCT results, the protein may be evaluated using a second set of PCT reagents. PCT results will then provide insight to either the appropriate sample concentration or indicate that other diagnostic testing such as native gel electrophoresis or dynamic light scattering should be performed to demonstrate sample homogeneity appropriate for crystallization.

PCT Kit comparison table.

PCT (with slides)

PCT (reagents only)

PCT (with plates and slides)

PCT (with plates and slides)

1. Crystallization and x-ray diffraction analysis of human CLEC-2. Aleksandra A. Watson and Christopher A. O’Callaghan. Acta Cryst. (2005). F61, 1094-1096.

Hampton Research, first in crystallization since 1991, developing and delivering crystallization and optimization screens, reagents, plates, and other tools for the crystallization of biological macromolecules, including proteins (antibody), peptides (insulin), and nucleic acids (DNA).

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Synonym: None
NH₄NO₃
M_r 80.04
CAS Number [6484-52-2]
EC Number 229-347-8
Merck 14,534
RTECS BR9050000
MDL Number MFCD00011425
PubChem Substance ID 24846486
UN Number 1942 5.1/PG 3
Purity ≥ 99.5%

Measured pH range of 10.0 M Ammonium nitrate: 3.8 – 5.9 at 25°C
Measured Conductivity Range: 939 – 1080 mS/cm at 25°C
Measured Refractive Index Range: 1.41934 – 1.42143 at 20°C

Al  ≤0.0005%
As ≤0.00001%
Ba ≤0.0005%
Bi  ≤0.0005%
Ca ≤0.001%
Cd ≤0.0005%
Cl  ≤0.0003%
Co ≤0.0005%
Cr ≤0.0005%
Cu ≤0.0005%
Fe ≤0.0002%
K  ≤0.005%
Li  ≤0.0005%
Mg ≤0.0005%
Mn ≤0.0005%
Mo ≤0.0005%
Na ≤0.005%
Ni  ≤0.0005%
NO₂ ≤0.0005%
Pb  ≤0.0005%
PO₄ ≤0.0005%
SO₄ ≤0.002%
Sr  ≤0.0005%
Zn  ≤0.0005%

10.0 M Ammonium nitrate

1. Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction studies on the catalytic domain of the chick retinal neurite-inhibitory factor CRYP-2. T. S. Girish and B. Gopal. Acta Cryst. (2005). F61, 381-383.

Hampton Research, first in crystallization since 1991, developing and delivering crystallization and optimization screens, reagents, plates, and other tools for the crystallization of biological macromolecules, including proteins (antibody), peptides (insulin), and nucleic acids (DNA).

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Synonyms: Methoxy poly(ethylene) glycol 5,000 or mono-Methyl polyethylene glycol 5,000 or PEG MME 5,000, or MPEG 5,000
CH₃O(CH₂CH₂O)_nH
CAS Number [9004-74-4]
Average M_n 5,000
EC Number 215-801-2
RTECS PE8271000
MDL Number MFCD00084416
PubChem Substance ID 24887753
Melting Point (Starting Material) 59°C
Appearance (Starting Material) Fine, white flakes

Aldehyde None detected
Peroxide None detected

Measured Conductivity range: 19.8 – 29.1 µS/cm at 25°C
Measured Refractive Index range: 1.40164 – 1.40215 at 20°C

50% w/v Polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether 5,000

1. Poly(ethylene) glycol monomethyl ethers – an alternative to poly(ethylene) glycols in protein crystallization. A. M. Brzozowski and S. P. Tolley. Acta Cryst. (1994). D50, 466-468.

2. Crystallization of a Humicola lanuginosa lipase-inhibitor complex with the use of polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether. A. M. Brzozowski. Acta Cryst. (1993). D49, 352-354.

3. Crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of the transcriptional regulator RfaH from Escherichia coli and its complex with ops DNA. M. N. Vassylyeva, V. Svetlov, S. Klyuyev, Y. D. Devedjiev, I. Artsimovitch and D. G. Vassylyev. Acta Cryst. (2006). F62, 1027-1030.

Hampton Research, first in crystallization since 1991, developing and delivering crystallization and optimization screens, reagents, plates, and other tools for the crystallization of biological macromolecules, including proteins (antibody), peptides (insulin), and nucleic acids (DNA).

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Index, as the name implies, efficiently samples a series of specially formulated reagent zones to identify which reagent class or classes and pH are effective in producing crystals or limiting sample solubility. Results from Index can be used to design optimization experiments and to identify follow on screens by reagent class. For example, positive results with salt based reagents in Index may be followed up with further screening using SaltRx or Grid Screen Salt HT. Success with polymer based reagents in Index may be followed up with further screening using PEGRx or PEG/Ion.

Index utilizes a broad, yet refined portfolio of crystallization reagent systems. These include the following: (1) traditional salts such as Ammonium sulfate and Sodium chloride versus pH; (2) neutralized organic acids such as Sodium malonate and Tacsimate; (3) High salt concentration mixed with low polymer concentration as well as high polymer concentration mixed with low salt concentration and; (4) Low ionic strength using polymers such as PEG, MPD, Pentaerythritols versus pH. These reagent systems are formulated across a sparse matrix and incomplete factorial of concentration ranges, sampling a pH range of 3 to 9.

Index contains 96 unique reagents, 10 ml each.

Index HT contains 96 unique reagents in a single Deep Well block format.

Ready-to-use reagents are sterile filtered and formulated with ultra-pure Type 1 water, using the highest purity salts, polymers, organics and buffers. Individual reagents are available through the Hampton Research Custom Shop.

Measured pH range of kit is 3 to 9 at 25°C
Average measured pH of kit is 6.8 at 25°C
Median measured pH of kit is 6.9 at 25°C

Index

Index HT

1. The advantages of using a modified microbatch method for rapid screening of protein crystallization conditions. A. D′Arcy, A. Mac Sweeney, M. Stihle and A. Haber. Acta Cryst. (2003). D59, 396-399.

2. Cloning, expression, purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of propionate kinase (TdcD) from Salmonella typhimurium. D. K. Simanshu and M. R. N. Murthy. Acta Cryst. (2005). F61, 52-55.

3. Preparation, crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of the methionine synthase (MetE) from Streptococcus mutans. T.-M. Fu, X.-Y. Zhang, L.-F. Li, Y.-H. Liang and X.-D. Su. Acta Cryst. (2006). F62, 984-985.

4. Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of glutathione transferases from cyanobacteria. S. C. Feil, J. Tang, G. Hansen, M. A. Gorman, E. Wiktelius, G. Stenberg and M. W. Parker. Acta Cryst. (2009). F65, 475-477.

Hampton Research, first in crystallization since 1991, developing and delivering crystallization and optimization screens, reagents, plates, and other tools for the crystallization of biological macromolecules, including proteins (antibody), peptides (insulin), and nucleic acids (DNA).

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Synonyms: Ammonium hydrogenphosphate or di-Ammonium hydrogen phosphate (sec) or Diammonium hydrogen phosphate
(NH₄)₂HPO₄
H₉N₂O₄P
M_r 132.06
CAS Number [7783-28-0]
EC Number 231-987-8
Merck 14,542
MDL Number MFCD00010891
PubChem Substance ID 24846462
Purity ≥ 99.0%

Measured pH range: 7.8 – 8.2 at 25°C
Measured Conductivity Range: 87.4 – 106.8 mS/cm at 25°C
Measured Refractive Index Range: 1.40307 – 1.40420 at 20°C

Al  ≤0.0005%
As ≤0.00001%
Ba ≤0.0005%
Bi  ≤0.0005%
Ca ≤0.001%
Cd ≤0.0005%
Cl  ≤0.0005%
Co ≤0.0005%
Cr ≤0.0005%
Cu ≤0.0005%
Fe ≤0.0005%
K  ≤0.005%
Li  ≤0.0005%
Mg ≤0.0005%
Mn ≤0.0005%
Mo ≤0.0005%
Na ≤0.005%
Ni  ≤0.0005%
NO₃ ≤0.001%
Pb  ≤0.0005%
SO₄ ≤0.002%
Sr  ≤0.0005%
Zn  ≤0.0005%

3.5 M Ammonium phosphate dibasic

Hampton Research, first in crystallization since 1991, developing and delivering crystallization and optimization screens, reagents, plates, and other tools for the crystallization of biological macromolecules, including proteins (antibody), peptides (insulin), and nucleic acids (DNA).

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Synonyms: None
CAS Number [25322-69-4]
EC Number 500-039-8
RTECS TR5250000
MDL Number MFCD00084446
PubChem Substance ID 24887757
Viscosity (20 degrees Celsius): 80 – 110 mPa.s

Measured Conductivity Range: 0.0 – 0.1 µS/cm at 25°C
Measured Refractive Index Range: 1.44501 – 1.44846 at 20°C

100% Polypropylene glycol P 400

1. Polymeric precipitants for the crystallization of macromolecules. Patel S, Cudney B, McPherson A. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1995 Feb 15;207(2):819-28.

Hampton Research, first in crystallization since 1991, developing and delivering crystallization and optimization screens, reagents, plates, and other tools for the crystallization of biological macromolecules, including proteins (antibody), peptides (insulin), and nucleic acids (DNA).

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Synonyms: Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate or Mono-ammonium phosphate, prim-Ammonium phosphate
NH₄H₂PO₄
H₆NO₄P
M_r 115.03
CAS Number 7722-76-1
EC Number 231-764-5
Merck 14,543
MDL Number MFCD00003396
PubChem Substance ID 24846397
Purity ≥ 99.5%

Measured pH range: 3.5 – 3.8 at 25°C
Measured Conductivity Range: 81.9 – 100.1 mS/cm at 25°C
Refractive Index Range: 1.36710 – 1.36769 at 20°C

Al ≤0.0005%
As ≤0.00005%
Ba ≤0.0005%
Bi  ≤0.0005%
Ca ≤0.005%
Cd ≤0.0005%
Cl  ≤0.005%
Co ≤0.0005%
Cr ≤0.0005%
Cu ≤0.0005%
Fe ≤0.002%
K  ≤0.005%
Li  ≤0.0005%
Mg ≤0.0005%
Mn ≤0.0005%
Mo ≤0.0005%
Na ≤0.005%
Ni  ≤0.0005%
Pb  ≤0.0005%
SO₄ ≤0.005%
Sr  ≤0.0005%
Zn ≤0.0005%

2.5 M Ammonium phosphate monobasic

1. Crystallization of a soluble, catalytically active form of Escherichia coli leader peptidase. Paetzel, M; Chernaia, M; Strynadka, N; Tschantz, W; Cao, G; Dalbey, RE; Plapp, BV. Proteins 23, 122- 125, 1995.

Hampton Research, first in crystallization since 1991, developing and delivering crystallization and optimization screens, reagents, plates, and other tools for the crystallization of biological macromolecules, including proteins (antibody), peptides (insulin), and nucleic acids (DNA).

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A highly effective approach to overcome the exhaustive search for suitable crystallization conditions is the use of a sparse matrix method of trial conditions that is biased and selected from known crystallization conditions for macromolecules. The formulation utilized in Crystal Screen and Crystal Screen 2 evaluates 96 unique mixtures of pH, salts, polymers and organics, and their ability to promote crystal growth. 

Crystal Screen contains 50 unique reagents, 10 ml each and is based on the sparse matrix formulation first described by Jancarik and Kim in 1991.

Crystal Screen 2, an extension of Crystal Screen, contains 48 unique reagents, 10 ml each and is based on the formulation first described by Cudney et al in 1994.

Crystal Screen HT contains 1 ml each of reagents 1-48 from Crystal Screen and all 48 reagents from Crystal Screen 2 in a single Deep Well block format.

Ready-to-use reagents are sterile filtered and formulated with ultra-pure Type 1 water, using the highest purity salts, polymers, organics and buffers. Individual reagents are available through the Hampton Research Custom Shop.

Crystal Screen

Crystal Screen 2

Crystal Screen HT

1. Jancarik, J. & Kim, S.H. J. Appl. Cryst. 24, 409-411, (1991).

2. Cudney, R., Patel, S., Weisgraber, K., Newhouse, Y., and McPherson, A., Acta Cryst. (1994) D50, 414-423.

3. Expression, purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of two arginine-biosynthetic enzymes from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. F. Moradian, C. Garen, L. Cherney, M. Cherney and M. N. G. James. Acta Cryst. (2006). F62, 986-988.

4. The development and application of a method to quantify the quality of cryoprotectant solutions using standard area-detector X-ray images. McFerrin and Snell, J. Appl. Cryst. (2002). 35, 538-545.

5. Get phases from arsenic anomalous scattering: de novo SAD phasing of two protein structures crystallized in cacodylate buffer. Liu X, Zhang H, Wang XJ, Li LF, Su XD. PLoS One. 2011;6(9):e24227. Epub 2011 Sep 2.

6. Cloning, crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of an intact DNA methyltransferase of a type I restriction-modification enzyme from Vibrio vulnificus. L. Huynh Thi Yen, S.-Y. Park and J.-S. Kim. Acta Cryst. (2014). F70, 489-492 [ doi:10.1107/S2053230X14004543 ]

7. Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of a novel type of lipolytic hydrolase from Bacillus licheniformis. H. Ju, R. Pandian, K. Kim, K. K. Kim and T. D. Kim. Acta Cryst. (2014). F70, 473-475 [ doi:10.1107/S2053230X14004142 ]

Hampton Research, first in crystallization since 1991, developing and delivering crystallization and optimization screens, reagents, plates, and other tools for the crystallization of biological macromolecules, including proteins (antibody), peptides (insulin), and nucleic acids (DNA).

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Synonyms: Polyvidone, or Povidone, or PVP, or Poly(1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone)homopolymer
(C₆H₉NO)_n
M_r Average ~ 10,000
CAS [9003-39-8]
EC Number 201-800-4
Merck 14,7697
RTECS TR8370000
MDL Number MFCD01076626
PubChem Substance ID 24887764

Measured Conductivity Range: 341 – 1003 µS/cm at 25°C
Measured Refractive Index Range: 1.42012 – 1.42239 at 20°C

50% w/v Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 15

1. Polymeric precipitants for the crystallization of macromolecules. Sam Patel, Bob Cudney and Alexander McPherson. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, Vol. 207, No. 2, 1995.

Hampton Research, first in crystallization since 1991, developing and delivering crystallization and optimization screens, reagents, plates, and other tools for the crystallization of biological macromolecules, including proteins (antibody), peptides (insulin), and nucleic acids (DNA).

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Synonyms: Ammonium sulphate
(NH₄)₂SO₄
H₈N₂O₄S
M_r 132.14
CAS Number [7783-20-2]
EC Number 231-984-1
Merck 14,555
RTECS BS4500000
MDL Number MFCD00003391
PubChem Substance ID 24846507
Purity ≥ 99.5%

Measured pH Range: 4.0 – 5.4 at 25°C
Measured Conductivity Range: 313.2 – 464.2 mS/cm at 25°C
Measured Refractive Index Range: 1.39101 – 1.39496 at 20°C

Al  ≤0.0005%
As ≤0.00002%
Ba ≤0.0005%
Bi  ≤0.0005%
Ca ≤0.001%
Cd ≤0.0001%
Cl  ≤0.0005%
Co ≤0.0005%
Cr ≤0.0005%
Cu ≤0.0002%
Fe  ≤0.0002%
K   ≤0.005%
Li   ≤0.0005%
Mg ≤0.0005%
Mn ≤0.0005%
Mo ≤0.0005%
Na ≤0.005%
Ni  ≤0.0005%
NO₃ ≤0.001%
Pb   ≤0.0002%
PO₄ ≤0.0005%
Sr  ≤0.0005%
Zn ≤0.0001%

3.5 M Ammonium sulfate

1. Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of the beta-chain of a T-cell antigen receptor. Boulot, G; Bentley, GA; Karjalainen, K; Mariuzza, RA. J Mol Biol 235, 795- 797, 1994.

2. Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of the atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) receptor extracellular domain complex with ANP: use of ammonium sulfate as the cryosalt. Kunio S. Misono et al. Acta Cryst. (2003). D59, 1831-1833.

3. Crystal structures of IRAK-4 kinase in complex with inhibitors: A serine/threonine kinase with tyrosine as a gatekeeper. Zhulun Wang et al. Structure 14, 1835-1844, December 2006.

Hampton Research, first in crystallization since 1991, developing and delivering crystallization and optimization screens, reagents, plates, and other tools for the crystallization of biological macromolecules, including proteins (antibody), peptides (insulin), and nucleic acids (DNA).

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